南方医科大学：多种类少数量膳食有利于降低糖尿病风险
2021-11-22 18:43:10
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成人膳食种类和数量与患糖尿病的风险：一项前瞻性队列研究
10.1016/j.clnu.2021.10.003
Background
Evidence remains inconsistent regarding the association between quantity of food groups and diabetes, and remains scarce regarding the relation of dietary diversity with diabetes.
Objective
We aimed to evaluate the prospective relation of variety and quantity of 12 major food groups with new-onset diabetes.
Methods
A total of 16,117 participants who were free of diabetes at baseline from China Health and Nutrition Survey were included. Dietary intake and variety score were measured by three consecutive 24-h dietary recalls combined with a household food inventory in each survey round. The study outcome was new-onset diabetes, defined as self-reported physician-diagnosed diabetes during the follow-up period. Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic spline analysis were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and dose–response relation, respectively.
Results
During a median follow-up duration of 9.0 years, a total of 1088 (6.7%) participants developed new-onset diabetes. Overall, there was a significant inverse association between dietary variety score and the risk of new-onset diabetes (per one point increment; HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.80–0.90). In addition, there were U-shaped associations of refined grains, whole grains, nuts, red meat, poultry, processed meat, dairy products, and aquatic products intake with diabetes, and L-shaped associations of legumes, vegetables, fruits, and eggs intake with diabetes (all P values for nonlinearity <0.001).
Conclusion
Our results suggested that greater variety of food groups consumption was associated with significantly lower risk of new-onset diabetes. Furthermore, when the quantity of food groups intakes was relatively low, there was a negative correlation between the quantity of each different food group consumption and diabetes risk; however, when intake exceeded certain thresholds, the risks of new-onset diabetes increased or reached a plateau.
主编推荐语：
南方医科大学秦献辉团队研究成果。膳食的种类和数量与人体健康、疾病密切相关。本文探究了12种主要食物与新发糖尿病风险的关系。纳入1.6万余名非糖尿病参与者，通过收集受试者24h家庭膳食清单，计算膳食摄入量和膳食种类得分，以评估其与患糖尿病的关系。研究结果显示，膳食种类丰富度与低风险新发糖尿病显著正相关。而在数量上，针对糖尿病风险，膳食呈现一定的阈值效应。
